Mini crude oil refinery

Last UpdatedMarch 5, 2024

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3002 from the Belida block, South Sumatra. Crude oil reserves of Nigeria increased from 16 billion barrels in 1997 to thirty-seven billion (37,000,000,000) barrels in 2016 growing at an average annual rate of five point zero four percent (5. Product Description Mini oil refining machine is our patent product, the patent No. Filtration. . Discover the world's research 25+ million members 1. Mini refinery – is an industrial enterprise, whose main function is the processing of crude oil (up to 1 million tons of crude per year) in gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil. 00. Jan 1, 2015 · A crude oil program. on Alibaba. Tel: +1 903 952 1262 Email: info@howebaker. MEIHENG ZLS series Mini Crude Oil Refinery Used Engine Oil Purification Desulfurization Used Oil Vacuum Distillation System $16,143. , the emerging growth refining firm and leading innovator in advanced technology and environmentally-beneficial petroleum processing facilities, recently announced that the Company has entered into agreement with a Winkler Company subsidiary (“Winkler”) establishing site control in Winkler County, Texas for a new Meridian full-conversion crude oil refinery. Heat recovery. Our mini oil refining machine obtains golden award on China Exhibition of Patents. AN OVER VIEW. William Clowes. Mar 31, 2022 · Table 2. Deodorization – Steam stripping. Mina Al Ahmadi Refinery (MAA) was built in 1949 as a simple refinery with 25,000 bpd capacity to cover the local demand for Gasoline, Diesel and Kerosene. An intermediate stock report. Other start-up expenses including stationery ( $500) and phone and utility deposits ( $2,500 ). U. We manufacture what we sell. The Mini Units will process a crude oil under the atmospheric distillation unit/vacuum distillation unit and catalytic cracking unit, heating with fuel oil or gas to 410 ℃. Filter by flow rates and size, and choose models that are as mobile as you need them to be. Crude stills are the oldest means for processing oil. Jan 1, 2019 · Industrially, unprocessed crude oil has little or no value. The feed used for this plant is light crude oil with API gravity 47. bbl/d) 1. or orders for the building of mini refineries in recent months? If so, how much of an increase? As you know, Honeywell UOP has been the leading process licensor in the refining industry since 1914. Even though the functioning of the system is not different from the fixed refinery, the refinery capacity can offer production up to 130 barrels. Below are some of the pictures of Capacity of Modular Crude Oil Refinery Plant M. Daouda Fall, thus founded Brahms to erect modular crude oil refineries in selected Sub-Saharan countries. bpd. Amidst all the above, TINYTECH has tried a bit to develop Tiny Technology machinery plants which are economical and viable. ), A. Phillips 66 Santa Maria officially ceased operations in January of 2023. 8 per cent in 2019, an increase of 122 per cent over the past two decades (see Executive Summary Figure 2). May 2, 2020 · Jamnagar Refinery is the biggest oil refinery, since 25 December 2008, with a processing capacity of 1. The throughput (processing capacity) of this refinery should be between 250 – 500,000 barrels per day. The modular refinery era. Pilot plants for research in crude oil refining have been central to Xytel’s business since the beginning. S. 04 %). Most of the price of Mini Crude Oil Refinery ranges from US $ 1899 to $ 100000 per Piece. Mini oil refinery machine, is designed for 5liters per batch, only for testing. Data: Phosphoric acid (80-85%) 0. A calculation model of the vacuum unit was developed in the Unisim Design R451 software package, which was May 4, 2022 · The direct conversion of crude oil to light olefins is considered one the cheapest and most reliable sources of petrochemical primary feedstocks. com Feb 12, 2019 · Meridian Energy Group, Inc. Over the years, MAA was subject to 2-phase modernization, and 29 new units were built with advanced technologies to 1. Place a stack of wood into the refinery’s inventory container. 2. An average oil refinery runs 24 hours daily, 365 days per year and requires an enormous number of workers. To achieve this 2023 Brand New Provided Small Scale Mini Oil Refinery Machine Crude Commercial Vegetable Oil Machine Edible Oil Refining Machine $ 15,980 . China Mini Oil Refinery wholesale - Select 2024 high quality Mini Oil Refinery products in best price from certified Chinese Oil Refinery manufacturers, Oil Expeller suppliers, wholesalers and factory on Made-in-China. A schematic of the distillation column is shown in Figure 2. Small-size Modular Oil Refineries (АТMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION UNITS) RЕОТЕК. , Ltd. According to the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Petroleum Research. We continue to advance with disciplines that are currently evolving. Address. A gas plant will also be needed to capture and separate the gas products from the CDU but was not sized, nor priced. : +38 (097) 735 01 56. Published Jan 21, 2023 • 3 VBOLT is a high-tech manufactory specialized in R&D, design, production and sales of waste oil regeneration distillation equipment and multi-function purification equipment. Hours. PETROLEUM SUPPLY KAZAKHSTAN, TOO Refinery mini-refinery invest heavily every year on installations of additional custom built modules units to increase its refining process as much as; 100,450 to 254,670 barrels of crude oil per day on economic and environmental considerations with Isomalk-2 technology which gave the refinery to organize the Best practices. The cost of a Mini Oil Refinery Plant can vary widely depending on its size, capabilities, and complexity. The mini crude oil refinery plant has many benefits. com The Mini refinery unit can be applied to Crude oil, black engine oil, plastic oil and shale oil, to produce Petrol, diesel and kerosene, as major products. Refinery Equipment of Texas, LLC and its associated engineering and manufacturing groups have designed and manufactured oil and gas equipment since 1978. bbl/d) and a visbreaking unit (42. For setting up a 5 ton/day small scale refinery, the cost could be around $40,000. 24 million barrels (197,000 m3). com. It would process 1000 barrels of crude oil per day, generating 42 million liters of petroleum products annually. is the result of its Founder’s vision who realized the market opportunities created by the lack of refining capacity in Africa. 2 th. On a river bank deep in the Niger Delta a local contractor is building one of a growing number of mini refineries that the Nigerian government hopes will finally help wean Africa’s biggest economy off foreign fuel. We have a number for standard mobile, modular and mini refinery schemes for Crude Oil throughout from 500 BPD to 50 000 BPD. 00 Min Order: 1 set USA Address. As the temperature of the crude oil in the distillation column rises, the crude oil separates itself into different components, called “fractions. Precise planning on how to start an oil refinery must include knowledge of the process of crude oil refining. If you plan to start an 50-100ton/day industrial scale palm oil business in Malaysia, the investment could be $170,000~$500,000. Petroleum refineries are complex and expensive industrial facilities. Methodology 2. The results of the feasibility study are the basis for decision-making on economic necessity, technical capabilities, commercial, economic and social viability of investments in the construction, obtaining the Certificate of choice land for the object. 2% of crude oil Working time 20mins Steam 100kg/t crude oil Pre-Decolorizer Process the oil degummed is pumped into the decolorizer, samely open the vacuum system to rise its temperature to remove off the moisture firstly. Conversion. sources: capp • 2019 capp crude oil forecast, markets & transportation capp • 2017 mini crude oil refinery plant, 40 HQ, All goods are packed with export standard package to make sure no damage during transportation. A micro refinery would directly employ 350 people and indirectly support over 1000 jobs. It occupies 10. Oct 20, 2021 · The purpose of this study was to analyze the functioning of the vacuum distillation unit of a mini-refinery and to develop recommendations for improving the vacuum overhead system with the aim to reduce the cost of creating and maintaining a vacuum in the fuel oil separation column. : +38 (063) 941 40 16 ; Tel. We have completed numerous international and domestic projects, including oil and gas production flow stations, meter stations, compressor stations, lease Overview. 0 th. One. With fixed pricing and schedules, you can reduce risk and get to market faster, even The cost of a Mini Crude Oil Refinery can vary widely depending on its size, capabilities, and complexity. * Marathon Carson and Wilmington began reporting as one entity known as Marathon Los Angeles Refinery as of 2019. 7. Combined with Africa’s strong desire to develop an industrial base and strategic reserves within each country, our CEO, Mr. Nigeria’s hydrocarbon is classified mostly as “light” and “sweet”, as the oil is largely free of sulphur. Compendium Use rational refiner technology, a little investment, easy operation. If you are worrying about the final base oil quality from Vbolt factory, it is the best LLC "KURSK OIL" Refinery mini-refinery invest heavily every year on installations of additional custom built modules units to increase its refining process as much as; 100,450 to 254,670 barrels of crude oil per day on economic and environmental considerations with Isomalk-2 technology which gave the refinery to organize the production of grade Jan 30, 2022 · This study aims to analyze the feasibility of a mini oil refinery from a technical and economic perspective. For enterprises in the oil refining industry to function efficiently, it is important to ensure that refineries are provided the necessary crude oil volumes. The demand for energy products is universal, That’s why AO "Dagneftegaz" Refinery oil and gas refinery’s scientists, chemists and engineers are working tirelessly into pioneering new development and research in sustainable technologies to fight carbon emissions, while creating more efficient petroleum products for everyday AO "Dagneftegaz" Refinery mini-refinery invest heavily every year on installations of additional custom built modules units to increase its refining process as much as; 100,450 to 254,670 barrels of crude oil per day on economic and environmental considerations with Isomalk-2 technology which gave the refinery to organize the production of Oil is exchanging heat to 70 degrees and flow into the pre-bleaching process. A crude oil program is a table of the refinery’s current crude oil inventory with projected imports, feed outlets, and the storage tank reference. produces diesel and refinery input streams 8 130,000 bpd come by chance oil refinery idled in apr 2020; converted to 18,000 bpd biofuel refinery in feb 2024. 5 km2 of land and is located directly on the seashore. Manufacturer: Kinetic. Mini Oil Refinery Plant is the No. Step 1: Separation Stage: This stage includes the separation of crude oil into its significant The Small Oil Refinery is used to refine low grade fuel from crude oil. Pl Call us or WhatsApp us your requirements on : 98795 12153 | You can Oct 26, 2013 · This document proposes establishing a small-scale crude oil refinery (micro refinery) to provide socio-economic benefits to its host community. Here, we will help you gain the complete knowledge about edible oil refinery plant, including its functions, working principles, production process, setup cost, machines required and more. The cost of the refinery is quite expensive but can prove to be worth its cost in the long run. All refineries have three basic steps: Separation. 1 choice for small or medium scale oil mill plant to improve the oil quality and reduce the oil production cost. Customers can process several crude edible oils on our mini oil refinery unit. D. The initial process, or Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) allows for simple distillation of crude oil into low octane naphtha, diesel, kerosene and residual fuel oil. Operational cost for the first 3 months (salaries of employees, payments of bills et al) – $1Million. 05 - 0. Mini Crude Oil Refineries. In addition to promoting the availability of petroleum products and helping to conserve exchange utilization for the importation of petroleum products, the establishment of modular refineries in Nigeria will cause rapid production of feed-stocks for Mar 25, 2021 · The first process is known as distillation. When you need a quick solution for gasoline and diesel production, turn to UOP’s Modular Refinery. 4 Comparison of Modular-Mini Refinery Yield by Crude Oil Type 3. Besides, you should know that the cost is also Low cost setup mini crude oil refinery plant, US $ 22800 - 100000 / Unit, Manufacturing Plant, 1~10tpd, France. The total percentage of heavy crude oil that the U. 5 Comparison of Yield by Refinery Type (Heavy Crude Oil Example) 4. 6 Linear Programming Model Software Vendors 4 Cost for construction of a small scale but standard crude oil refinery – $2Million. 3. It is a Mini refinery. The mini crude oil refinery machine offers a lot of advantages. The purpose of crude distillation is to recover the light materials from the oil. Heating – De aeration. Crude Oil Refinery Plant - Buy Crude Oil Refinery Plant at best price of Rs 13000000/unit by Brissun Technologies Private Limited. ** Phillips 66 Rodeo and Santa Maria began reporting as one entity as of 2017. new. An operating schedule. 1 Process Description In this study, the mini oil refinery uses Belida crude oil as a feed for 10,000 barrels/day or 1,607 m3/day. refineries are growing increasingly reliant on Canadian heavy oil, including oil from the oil sands. 1. This type of mini crude oil refinery plant cost is designed to replace the oil in hydraulic systems like cranes and lifts, where ensuring a steady supply of contaminant-free oil is absolutely vital. They're also great for the environment, because the oil is drainedically, and not The crude is delivered to the refinery via Almetyevsk-Nizhny Novgorod and Surgut-Polotsk oil pipelines Finished products are shipped by railroad, motor and river trucks, as well as via the pipeline Key conversion processes include a catalytic cracking unit (80. The operation will start with de aeration in the vessel of deodorizer. Jan 21, 2023 · Mini Refineries Lead Nigeria's Quest to Process Own Crude Oil. Continuous Small Scale Mini Crude Oil Petroleum Refinery For Sale , Find Complete Details about Continuous Small Scale Mini Crude Oil Petroleum Refinery For Sale,Mini Crude Oil Refinery,Crude Oil Refinery,Small Scale Petroleum Refinery from Machine Oil Purifier Supplier or Manufacturer-Henan Barui Environmental Protection Equipment Co. Our process experience, combined with a pre-engineered approach, allows you to package select units into a refinery capable of processing 30,000 BPSD of crude. The concept “modular refinery” is not new, as it has earlier been used in the early forties, later re-surfacing in the seventies where a one skid portable crude topping unit for the production of straight-run gasoline, diesel oil, and heavy fuel was developed (Hogan, Citation 1976). Application: soybean oil, sunflower oil,palm oil,peanut oil/groundnut oil,sesame oil,rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, coconut oil and other various oil. Jun 15, 2021 · The stolen crude oil got from the pipelines serve as the beginning point for illegal refining. Scope and raw material Scope:5T/D Palm Oil Refinery Line Raw material: Jan 21, 2023 · 165,000. 1 per cent in 2000 to 55. Cooling. 20 US$/m3 crude oil profit. The cost of a mini palm oil refinery with capacity around 1ton/day is about $20,000. Also find product list from verified suppliers with contact number | ID: 23406218412. Henan Qie Grain Feb 3, 2023 · The result describes that the optimum profit for the mini-refinery plant is performed preflash furnace at 533 K with 108. N. Crude distillation is the first step in processing crude oil into its different end products, including gasoline, kerosene, diesel, jet fuel, asphalt, and more. 2t/d soybean oil refinery plant mini crude oil refinery. According to the quality of cake, adjust technological parameter, many kinds of oil grade can bu produced. Malaysia - 50T/D fish oil stainless steel oil refinery plant 5. Digboi Refinery was commissioned in 1901. com Abstract The design of 15,000BPD capacity of a crude oil modular refinery was developed. For optimal low-grade fuel production rates, divide a stack of crude oil into thirds and fill 3 container slots with these mini stacks of crude Sep 1, 2023 · California Oil Refinery Locations and Capacities. Ashish Bajpai from Pyramid E&C on the role of mini refineries in the region's downstream development. 500. Baba & M. This process is divided in to four stages. 8°, into Naphtha, Diesel, Kerosene and Fuel Oil. Upon completion of the process design, the size and cost of the gas plant will be determined. Min Order: 1 set. Product Description. The presence of sulfur in hydrocarbon feedstock leads to a serious concern as it is associated with various problems and adverse impacts on the environment. Brahms Oil Refineries Ltd. It's important to research and compare different models and features to find the best Mini Crude Oil Refinery for your needs and budget. Crude oil goes through a series of refining and separation stages that can be categorised into 3 three steps. Proven technology coupled with class-leading engineering, fabrication sees the Mini Oil Refinery deliver every day and our turn-key design, minimal assembly onsite is required compared to other solutions. The plant is designed with a capacity of 10,000 barrels per day to produce intermediate products. 5 tons / day of tea seed oil squeezed 1 tons of tea seed oil refining and dewaxing 2. Treatment. 5t/d tea seeds oil press, 1t/d oil refining and dewaxing. Phasis Oil has strong relationships with the stakeholders required for the Project’s success and sustainability May 10, 2024 · 6 heavy oil splitter, producing specialty market refined products 7 regulated as upgrader. Our research to invent the small scale refinery in early 20’s resulted into a great achievement. 1 Register of Mini Oil Refinery 3. 3-Diesel. Small scale mini crude oil refinery plant cost Product Description Henan BARUI Environmental Protection Equipment Co. is ZL99252888. In this process, crude oil is heated and fed into a distillation column. Unlike in the past when refineries operated to produce mainly transportation fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, many refineries worldwide are considering tandem production of both fuels and chemicals (particularly, light olefins). Bloomberg News. 00 - $17,143. Applicable industries: Food & Beverage Factory Farms Home Use Shop, Video outgoing-inspection: Provided, Machinery test report: Provided, Nov 1, 2021 · Europe, Asia-Pacific, Africa and the Middle East. A table of programmed production. A modular refinery is a simplified refinery requiring significantly less capital investment than traditional full-scale refinery facilities. The Waste engine oil to base oil refinery plant can recycle waste oil, such as used gasoline engine oil,no matter mineral oil or synthetic oil, used motor motor oil, other used transmission oil,waste hydraulic oil and other lubricant oil to clean base oil,like SN150,SN300,SN350,SN500. Mobile facilities provide the convenience of production in any place. A mini crude oil refinery is a modular refinery that has the capacity of processing from 2,000 Barrels Per Day (BPD) of any stream of Light or Heavy Crude Oil within API Gravity of 29°- 42. May 28, 2022 · A petroleum refinery is a set of installations intended to transform crude oil, generally unusable as such, into petroleum products: motor gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, fuel oil, lubricants, liquefied petroleum gases, naphtha, and so on. It consisits of deacidification process, degumming process, bleaching process and deodorizing process, and also other matched items, the whole production nearly has over 30 machines. 00 - $ 17,250 . Note: As of January 18 2018, the Small Oil Refinery produces charcoal. A blending schedule. Howe Baker Engineers 16623 Old Jacksonville Hwy Tyler Texas 75703 USA. Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) 1. Refined Crude Oil processing Manufacturing Process, include Oil Strotage Tank ,Conduction Oil Furnace,Refining Pot and Leaf Filter and so on . Sep 12, 2021 · To refine crude oil, do the following: Open the oil refinery’s inventory screen by looking at the refinery and pressing ‘E’ to use. We talk to Ashish Bajpai, managing director, Pyramid E&C, about the role mini refineries are playing in the region’s downstream development. May 28, 2015 · In remote crude oil drilling locations or where some value addition on the crude is required such as production of low cetane diesel (generally less than 40) and straight run naphtha with low first investment costs, skid mounted modular mini refining crude units are the answer. A half a world away in Islamabad, Pakistan, its owner Apr 30, 2015 · Expert: huge opportunities for mini refineries. It's important to research and compare different models and features to find the best Mini Oil Refinery Plant for your needs and budget. 4-Fuel Oil. Following is a list of oil refineries in India, per the Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India, arranged in decreasing order of their capacity. 2 F i g u r e 2. Our process technology is in just about every oil refinery in the world, ranging from the smallest capacities (~1000 BPSD) to world scale refineries 5-20t Factory price crude oil refinery processing edible oil refinery plant 1. Owing to the above factors, building a complex, hydro cracking, hydro skimming, catalytic cracking refinery, can cost anywhere around $5B to $15 billion. The portfolio may be summarized as below Configuration Plant type Crude Oil throughput (BPD) groundnut oil refinery machine coconut oil processing machine in nigeria. Mini oil refinery vegetable oil refinery equipment small scale palm oil refining machinery for sale Description of oil refining machine: This set of oil refining machine is used for cleaning crude oil . This small $6,000 USD. Feb 22, 2023 · Refining breaks crude oil down into its various components, which are then selectively reconfigured into new products. The Mini refinery unit can be applied to crude oil, black engine oil, plastic oil and shale oil, to produce petrol, diesel and kerosene, as major products. Uzbekistan-80t/d crude sunflower oil and cottonseed cake solvent Most of the taste of deodorized or finally refined oil will be automatically destroyed with the removal of odours. Using the above average size (between 250,000 – 500,000 barrels a day), it will take up refinery •Technology & licensing for Crude oil distillation, Gas Processing, Sulfur recovery & Hydrogen units (1) Extended agreement between Government of Georgia and Phasis was signed on 27th of December 2019. This versatile mini oil refinery works on soyabean oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, cottonseed oil, coconut oil as well as peanut oil. Source from Anyang Best Complete Machinery Engineering Co. Nov 5, 2021 · The world’s smallest oil refinery sits on the side of the road just outside of Lusk, Wyoming, a windswept prairie town, population 1,558. REFINERIES PURPOSE. In Klepikov (2020) [5], the allocations of crude oil production deliveries to refineries in the Southern European countries was investigated. Waltersmith According to the refining scale, it is divided into 1-10ton/day Batch Type Small/Mini Oil Refinery Plant, 10-50 ton/day Semi-Continuous type Crude Oil Refinery Plant and 30-100T Continuous Vegetable Oil Refinery Plant. OMSA Pillar Astex Company Ltd, or OPAC, can produce 10,000 barrels a day, while Niger Delta Petroleum Resources Ltd aims to double its 11,000 barrel-a-day capacity by 2025. Nov 17, 2022 · Process of Oil Refining. Adamu Faculty of Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering University of Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria Email: idrismn@hotmail. by Christopher Kelly April 30, 2015 01:06 PM GST. This process begins with a fractional . Feb 26, 2021 · And, If you are Investing in a Private Mini Crude Oil Refinery: This is the Business Plan. Asides the issue of quality control of products, their sub-standard operation also affects Nigerians After discovery of oil in the Assam state of India in late 1880s, the first oil refinery was set up at Digboi. It is also environmentally friendly, with hydrauliconic pressurization increasing, and the efficiency of this type of product is very important. Our team has designed systems with virtually every type of reaction and unit operation process, including many breakthroughs. Idris (Ph. “Small Scale Oil Refinery Plant” is an innovative Oil Refining Unit for the Edible as well as Non-Edible Oils. Mobile refineriesproviding process by pulling the product from the crude Pyramid E&C has comprehensive project delivery capabilities with in-house Engineering, Fabrication, Automation and Project Management experience worldwide. Air Cooling is used in lieu of water cooling. The minister said the construction of a new refinery in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra with a refining capacity of 60 million tonnes per annum is set to start soon. 2 Standard Sizes Offerings 3. The Mini refinery unit can be applied to Crude oil, black engine oil, plastic oil and shale oil, to produce Petrol, diesel and kerosene, as major products. 2. Zubairu, D. In order to present a summary of the technical and economic features of the mini-oil refinery project, a preliminary study of the development plan is required. Most of the price of Mini Oil Refinery Plant ranges from US $ 5000 to $ 56000 per Piece. Operating notes. 2-Kerosene. This refinery claimed by Reliance Industries is situated in Gujarat, India. Mini Crude Oil Petroleum Refinery Plant Distillation Unit Price Product Description Henan Barui Environmental Protection Equipment Co. com idrismn@hotmail. Nigeria - 30TPD soybean and groundnut oil production line 4. REOTEK Small-size Modular Oil Refiner- ies are designed for crude oil (from 1,100 to 23,000 bbl per day or gas condensate (from 660 to 14,000 bbl per day) refining into com- mercial fuels at the oil production site or in oil products Mini Crude Oil Refinery Plant We can design and manufacture hydrocarbon processing plants for the production of a wide spectrum of products such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, etc. Hence, there is need for a country to have operational petroleum refineries. In this Video you will get information Mini Petroleum Refinery / Crude Refinery works. Tel. These are: 1-Naphtha. Jun 18, 2020 · India is set to double its refining capacity for crude oil to 450-500 million tonnes per annum by 2030 said Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas Dharmendra Pradhan on Tuesday. Let us examine the advantages of a skid mounted modular unit: 1. 3 Methodology and Specification Guide. The products consumed in largest volumes are motor gasoline, motor diesel, and heavy fuel oil. Table 2. De-Salter. Heat transfer oil and hot products The Mini-Refineries are skid mounted, modular crude oil distillation units (CDU) which process from 50,000 to 450,000 metric tons (1000 - 9,000 BPD) of crude oil per year and are capable of producing a variety of finished products including naphtha (straight run gasoline), kerosene, arctic and summer diesel and fuel oil. imports from Canada as a share of all of its imports of Canadian oil has risen from 25. The input shall be the Filtered Crude Oil and the corresponding output shall be the RBD Refined Oil. ,Ltd, adopts The most advanced technology of China University of Petroleum Design Institute, export of crude oil refining equipment always walk in the forefront of the refining industry. Each crude oil produces 3 low grade fuel. ”. cd mw pl bz fv fm qv kv gk gp