When durability is a requirement and weight limits are critical, offering higher strength-to-weight How We Expand Our Aluminium Honeycomb. We can offer the optimum construction material for almost all applications. With an aramid honeycomb core sandwiched between carbon fiber or fiberglass for rigidity, these panels are strong, but lightweight, and won’t conduct heat. MAIN PRODUCT FEATURES. Perfect surface for adhering all resin types and ready for lamination. Our specialized panels are constructed with high-density, closed-cell, polyurethane foam impregnated with layers of fiberglass to serve as a strong, reliable alternative to plywood and other traditional unreinforced core materials. We introduced metallic honeycomb cores using very high-strength, lightweight aluminum foil in the mid 1950s. The skins are typically made of high-strength materials such as fiberglass or carbon fiber, which provide the necessary strength and stiffness to the sandwich panel. 3 MPa, as compared to a typical PP honeycomb with a compressive strength of around 200 psi/1. 99. Hangzhou Holycore Composite Material Co. By selecting the ideal fiber and resin Honeycomb cores are manufactured from a wide variety of materials including, fire-resistant Nomex®, aluminum, and thermoplastics, most commonly, polypropylene. 0 Lbs / ft³). Alloy Grades of Honeycomb Core. Adhesive varies widely by application: high strength, high temp, low temp, etc. - fulfills most FST (flame, smoke, toxicity) requirements. This material is fire resistant and is typically used in transport aircraft construction where low O. 25-inch cell size), HexWeb ACG has a compressive strength of 630 psi/4. They also can improve thermal conductivity, sound insulations and fire resistance if core materials are used correctly. PVC Foam. These include Nomex, Kevlar and Aluminum honeycomb cores and PVC foam Cores. Quiet Polypropylene’s natural harmonic of 125Hz to 150Hz dampens sounds and vibrations. Total panel thickness. 0. The shear modulus for HexWeb® Fibertruss® HFT® is about twice that of HRP® (honeycomb made of straight weave fiberglass) and three times failures in other lightweight core materials. Core materials are lightweight, structural layers used to produce high strength-to-weight ratio structures. Cell Size: ±10%. Most honeycombs are adhesive bonded expanded cores [1]. 5 per inch of thickness. Typical applications include lightweight non This honeycomb animation was produced to help product designers, students and engineers understand how honeycomb panels and honeycomb structures achieve thei Toray Advanced Composites, UK (Langley Mill), has the largest independent core processing operation in Europe. We are dedicated to producing quality products, delivered when you need them. Divinycell - PVC Foam Core H-80 5lb. Designed to offer users and designers high strength-to-weight properties at relatively low cost, Nomex® honeycomb is particularly suitable as a core material for production of sandwich structures requiring significant FST performance and using high performance fiber reinforced composites as the facing material. 6 mm and densities ranging from 20 kg/m 3 to 144 kg/m 3. Known as sandwich construction we offer such brands as Soric Infusible Core Materials, Coremat, Nomex Honeycomb, Balkore (balsa core) and Mycell (closed Honeycomb panels are a type of structural panel comprised of a honeycomb-shaped core between two thin yet rigid face sheets to offer a flat, stable structure with high rigidity. This material exhibits good strength characteristics and is fire resistant. At CoreLite, we are ready to assist you before, during and after your projects. Tricel Honeycomb provides an extremely strong and recyclable option for greatly reducing weight, while maintaining structural integrity. A binding constraint is adopted between the honeycomb core and the panel; the trunk and branches are ThermHex is an innovative polypropylene honeycomb core material primarily used in the production of lightweight sandwich panels and fibreglass components. The Sep 5, 2022 · Mirror replication technology is employed to make a carbon fiber composite mirror with a diameter of 150 mm. The specific material parameters of AL5083 and AL3003 are shown in Table 2. DMC Fiberglass Aluminum Honeycomb Panel is made of fiberglass skins on both sides and core in Nomex honeycomb composites are also used in the construction of boats to help provide buoyancy that enhances speed. Call - (949) 623-4400. - outstanding strength and stiffness to weight ratio. Often used as wall panels in structural and insulating applications, they’re a lightweight alternative to solid composite and aluminum honeycomb panels. cn 1 Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Fiberglass Reinforced Honeycomb Hexcel fiberglass reinforced honeycombs are designated as follows: Material – Cell Size – Density Example: HRP – 3/16 – 4. However, its storage requirements are to be met with more delicacy. N636 Honeycomb Core. 5". The resin is sprayed on the mirror surface Balsa Core 1/2" thickness 2x4 sheets. Densities range from 1 to 6 lbs/ftᶟ. For core pieces it is important to store in original containment until the time for Feb 21, 2014 · The materials used most often to create those low-density cores include end-grain balsa wood, linear PVC foam and cross-linked PVC foam, plus a handful of others. Density Plain Sheet. Length: ± 0. Euro-Composites is headquartered in Luxembourg, where it boasts a 652,400 sq ft production facility and a staff of roughly 830, including four PhDs. For years, genuine Nomex® aramid honeycomb has been the de-facto standard in none-metallic, lightweight core materials for sandwich composites. 500″ - Metallic Honeycomb We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Contact us for shipping pricing. The staff is always helpful and always gets me what I need. Common core materials are foam and aluminum or aramid honeycomb. Core Materials for Ultimate Performance. Core materials are a vital part of the composite industry that help create products with a high strength to weight ratio. 02” 2024-T3 Al Clad Aluminum Sheet Spec: QQ-A-250/5 Standard Sheet Size: 48” x 96” Available width up to 48” Available length up to 144” Core Thickness Part Number . His local area is Groton, CT, but is willing to travel for a job. If you need a fiberglass contractor, please call Chris at 860-373-3938. Typically 5 layers: Skin, adhesive, honeycomb core, adhesive, skin. Composite sandwich cores are typically made of lightweight materials such as foam, balsa wood, or honeycomb, which provide the necessary strength and stiffness while minimizing weight. Aerospace Honeycomb Core. Another product we deal in is core materials Jun 24, 2016 · Euro-Composites creates an array of non-metallic honeycomb, each with its own mechanical properties, by varying the paper, cell size, cell shape, the number of resin dips, and the curing cycles. Materials with high tensile and compression strength are best suited to being skins, i. Aluminium honeycomb is used extensively in the motorsport, marine and aerospace industries and increasing now in construction industry where reducing weight whilst maintaining or improving the strength of a composite is of key importance. In building composite products, vacuum bagging materials play a Jul 20, 2020 · In sandwich structures, lightweight cellular materials as the core hold the face sheets far away from the neutral axis to maximize the bending performance of the structure. 00. We use a unique thermal fusion process to fuse the panels and core SCHÜTZ manufactures honeycomb panels and honeycomb blocks in a wide variety of customized configurations. Composite core products, such as Nomex or metallic honeycomb or foam, do not have as tight restriction on shelf life in composites. $ 31. Our boat core materials and fiberglass fabrics are available by the roll or by the yard, at great prices, from brands like Owens Corning, Tracker Marine, Lantor, Baltex, Colbond Jun 1, 2020 · FRP honeycomb panel is developed by the combination of glass reinforced plastic honeycomb board and aviation industry. All our honeycomb types (CN1, C1 and C2) are available with different cell widths from 3. Usually core material is low density and will drastically increase the stiffness of parts while only adding a minimal amount of weight to the composite. [1] Man-made honeycomb structural materials are commonly made by layering a honeycomb material between two thin layers that provide strength in tension. Plascore aramid fiber honeycomb is manufactured from Meta-Aramid or Para-Aramid and coated with a heat resistant phenolic resin for high performance racing and aerospace applications. These lightweight materials are bonded between two composite skins and serve as the central member of what is referred to as “a sandwich structure”. Over-Expanded Aramid Honeycomb is a lightweight, high strength, nonmetallic honeycomb core material manufactured from aramid fiber paper with the rectangular cell shape. Nomex® honeycomb is used extensively in aerospace applications like cabinets, lockers and bulkheads as well as in high-performance motorsports including Formula 1 and WRC. Based in Shanghai, China, CA Composites is one of the most reliable supplier of carbon, aramid, glass, and basalt fibre-made fabrics, sleeves, tapes, and their prepregs. Price. Cell size: 3mm-34mm, Foil thickness: 0. We hold extensive stock to choose from. , Ltd. Polypropylene honeycomb exhibits a unique cell structure. aluminum, steel, fiberglass. Skip to content 1-800-352-3300 Jun 6, 2024 · The honeycomb cellular core sandwich panels consist of a honeycomb core sandwiched between two face sheets. Customized. Honeycomb materials as a major type of lightweight cellular materials have been widely applied in various fields, including aerospace, vehicle, marine, architecture and mechanical engineering, due to reliable mechanical Honeycomb materials include aluminum, paper, polypropylene, phenolic resin impregnated fiberglass, and aramid fiber phenolic-treated paper. Fiberglass Mold Materials Calculator; Plastic Honeycomb Plastic Honeycomb Core Material Sort By: Featured Items Newest Items Best Selling A to Z Z to A By Review Price: Ascending Price: Descending Quick view Compare Add to Cart Our composite core products are flame-retardant, deliver long-lasting performance and uniformity over time and offer an excellent alternative to wood, honeycomb and other core materials. Mar 4, 2024 · The material model of the BIH sandwich structure adopts a bilinear elastoplastic model, the panel material is AL5083 and the honeycomb core material is AL3003 . They are significantly lightweight compared to solid materials. Tolerances. Email Us. All orders are cut to customer thickness specifications and available with fast turnaround times. THIS HONEYCOMB IS MADE FROM HIGH-QUALITY 3003, 5052 & 5056 ALUMINUM ALLOYS, SOURCED FROM INDUSTRY-LEADING MANUFACTURERS. Materials in this section are used to create a lightweight core in the middle of a laminate to increase its stiffness whilst adding minimum weight to the component. After the honeycomb is formed, it is coated with a heat resistant phenolic resin to increase its strength and thermal properties. Ideal for noise reduction and sound insulation, these materials excel in diverse applications. BMS 8-124 TY5 CL4 GR3 -. One of the most common core materials is low to medium density (3-15 pounds per cubic foot) closed-cell foam. As a key component of sandwich panel construction, core materials are “sandwiched” between layers of structural composite skins to offer greater strength properties than those of the skins alone. 38 MPa. This is due to the fact that the satellite will periodically commute the B Jian Xiong jx@hit. First off, nomex was never designed with pickleball in mind. These are some of the most commonly used foams for high performance composite cores: PVC (polyvinyl chloride) – examples: Diab Divinycell, Gurit PVC. 35 mm/0. This bias weave construction enhances the shear modulus properties of the honeycomb core. At our two manufacturing plants in Sheffield, we have the latest 3 & 5 axis CNC equipment and offer customers the ability to manufacture bespoke sandwich panels with ThermHex as the core. Apr 1, 2021 · Corecell-cored panel. AHN 4120 is an Aerospace Grade Nomex ® Honeycomb which exhibits high strength and toughness in a small cell, low density, non-metallic honeycomb. Composite cores can effectively thicken parts as much as the core is designed for as it comes in an array of thicknesses and application methods. 46 — $ 1,540. Extremely lightweight panels can be fabricated using honeycomb cores. 6mm/ Customized. As I talked about above, these cores feature a honeycomb structure, but the cells of the honeycomb are much, much smaller. The core material of the fiberglass honeycomb panel is high-quality PP honeycomb, and the high-strength thermosetting FRP or thermoplastic CFRT (continuous fiberglass reinforced thermoplastic) is used as the surface material. With our new honeycomb types we support our customers for their new aircraft generations. Aluminum honeycomb core. When core is added to the design process, it is Honeycomb composites made with DuPont™ Kevlar® entered the market about 15 years ago and proved to be the most efficient weight saving solution for the aerospace industry due to even higher specific strength and stiffness compared to DuPont™ Nomex® solutions. 15, the carbon fiber composite mirror surface forms an uneven surface according to the fiber arrangement. We also supply cured tubes, rods and sheets manufactured using the above-mentioned materials and Epoxy/Vinyl ester resin. Composite materials are also used for the core, but the aluminum core is selected when the higher thermal conductivity between the face sheets is needed. Contact Axiom Materials to learn more. 2 mm to 9. Now available products for our customers include the improved Kevlar® honeycomb , the fiberglass honeycomb Core materials are produced in a variety of forms including end-grain balsa wood, PVC foam, urethane foam, non-woven core fabrics, and various types of honeycomb materials. The core and fiberglass skin are usually bonded together using adhesives (thermoset FRP) or thermal bonding If you have specific questions regarding pricing, availability, or other information on other Ultracor products, please call us at 209-983-3744 or send us a message. , smoke, and toxicity characteristics Honeycomb sandwich panels and shells are composed of face sheets of A 7075-T6 or A 2024-T3, and honeycomb core of A 5052 or A 2024. 0 –is the nominal density in pounds per cubic foot HRP Jan 1, 2018 · Generally, man-made honeycomb structures are sandwich-structure composites with thin plates surrounding honeycomb cores. 0. Width: ± 0. Jul 20, 2020 · In the aerospace field, composite honeycomb structure as core material is often bonded with composite panels to form Classify of carbon fiber reinforced composite honeycomb made by tailor-folding HexWeb® HFT. Structural Considerations Strength: Honeycomb cores and some facing materials are directional with regard to mechanical Aluminum Honeycomb Flat Sandwich Panel Core Material: Aluminum Honeycomb Spec: AMS-C-7438 Type: 5. The panel is not only strong but also light. The core has 3 orientations vs. Common skin materials are carbon fiber and fiberglass. It is available in a variety of cell sizes and densities to suit most purposes. 3mm/ 0. HONEYCOMB CELL SIZES FROM 1”- 1/8”. In this section of our catalogue you will find all of our core materials. Our meta-aramid honeycomb cores were introduced in the 1980s For over 20 years, Coosa Composites has provided innovative panel solutions for use in a wide variety of industries. Aluminium honeycomb can potentially be expanded “by hand” when slices are thin Polyumac USA manufactures rigid polyester foams, polypropylene honeycomb, fiberglass reinforced foam cores, pourable polyurethane foams and offers value-added services with all our products. FEATURES EURO‑COMPOSITES® manufactures honeycomb core materials from a great variety of raw materials and in a large program of cell sizes and densities. For applications Add first review. Oct 1, 2003 · At a density of 5 lb/ft3 (6. Construction composites help strengthen concrete structures. You will gain more competitive advantage and attain better end results. However, there are still many limitations in the current design of cellular structures. More explicitly, it is Honeycomb composites made with DuPont™ Kevlar® entered the market about 15 years ago and proved to be the most efficient weight saving solution for the aerospace industry due to even higher specific strength and stiffness compared to DuPont™ Nomex® solutions. The Tiger was the first all-composite helicopter developed in Europe. Get the Nida-Core Honeycomb Sheets to create strong and durable structural sandwich panels. 0 Where: HRP® – refers to the type of material 3/16 –is the cell size in fractions of an inch 4. May 14, 2024 · Compared to multi-layer composites, honeycomb sandwich structures filled with soft materials offer desirable mechanical properties. W 3000mm x L 1500mm. Available in Thicknesses of 3/8" (10mm), 1/2" (13mm), 3/4" (20mm), & 1" (25mm) Fiberglass lamination adds 1/8" (2mm) to the listed thickness on each side of the panel. Each sheet is sold separately. The performance of such sandwich panel is related to multiple geometric and material parameters of the core and face sheets. Choose honeycomb core composites for superior acoustic properties. ThermHex Waben GmbH produces a broad range of high quality, durable and economic core products with a standard density of 80 kilogram per cubic meter (5. Stainless steel honeycomb core is used for joiner panels, bulkheads, train doors and floors or any areas where honeycomb is subjected to hostile environments. Honeycomb is a lightweight core material which is available in a variety of cell sizes and densities, providing a wide range of mechanical and thermal properties. Euro Composites manufacture Assembled and Finished parts, formed and milled parts and sandwich panelling. Fiberglass skin thickness. Aerospace grade aramid fiber honeycomb exhibits outstanding nonflammable properties. 002 Foil Outer Skin: . Catalog page for core materials used in composites, balsa, foam, coremat, and marine grade plywood. e. Nature provides the geometry, we provide the honeycomb composite material. Boats manufactured with honeycomb cores demonstrate a dramatic AHN 7800 is an Commercial Grade Nomex ® honeycomb particularly suited for use where resistance to corrosive attack and moisture are important. Thermal Insulation Honeycomb cores are great insulators, with R factor ratings ranging up to 5. A. $58. HexWeb® honeycomb provides a unique structure made from a variety of web materials including fiberglass, aluminum, and aramid/para-aramid mechanical papers. The over-expanded cell shape allows the core to flex in one Another product we deal in is core materials to be used in making sandwich panels. We also supply custom-made sandwich structures (panels and tubes) built using these core materials and Carbon/glass fiber. It exhibits a high strength-to-weight ratio Jul 9, 2021 · Honeycomb is considered an excellent structural material because of its high strength and shear rigidity, excellent energy absorbing property, high impact strength, lower weight, high crushing stress, and almost constant crushing force. Low cost paper honeycombs can be produced by the traditional expansion process, shown in figure 2. Our product line includes core material that passes fire, smoke and toxicity requirements and heat release standards for interior aerospace applications. Nomex Honeycomb is a lightweight, high strength, nonmetallic honeycomb core material manufactured from aramid fiber paper with the typical hexangular cell shape. U. Depending on the situation, many different materials can be sued to construct the core including paper and thermoplastics for low loads or aluminum or fiber reinforced plastics for high loads. Sandwich panels are incredibly lightweight and strong. ¬ Highest strength to weight ratio of any structural core. Corex standard honeycomb can be expanded to the following sizes: W 2500mm x L 1250mm. With over 50 years’ structural core experience, The Gill Corporation is a leading manufacturer offering a diverse product portfolio with expansive value-add capabilities. The literature survey ( Table 1 ) in short revealed that there is an extensive amount of research to predict the equivalent elastic properties of regular honeycombs Carbon-Core Corporation offers a complete core materials portfolio by some of the most experienced professionals in the industry. In its un-expanded (block) form aluminium honeycomb is also very compact and easy to ship cost effectively minum honeycomb core. This creates a denser material that leads to power. Honeycomb: Various types of manufactured honeycomb cores are used extensively in the aerospace and transportation industry. 006″ (under 2″ thick) Density: ±10%. Many core materials are susceptible to handling damage. the 2 orientations common with other honeycomb, making its properties more uniform. This need for Hangzhou Holycore Composite Material Co. 036mm-0. Notes: The design and size of panel are available according to your detailed drawings. However, the honeycomb design of the material was good enough to be used in composite paddles. Our portfolio includes Structural HoneyComb,Structural Foam ( PIR/PU, PVC, & fiber reinforced ), Laminated Composite Panels , Core Bonding Compounds ( core bonding, transom, general purpose ), SphereCel Laminate Please Contact us for Pricing and Availability for: Industrial Honeycomb Core. Our range includes honeycomb core materials such as Nomex and aluminium, along A honeycomb-shaped structure provides a material with minimal density and relative high out-of-plane compression properties and out-of-plane shear properties. The following criteria should be considered in the routine selection of core, facing, and adhesive. CarbonCore’s Plastic Honeycomb is a core material with unique properties that combines the strength and resilience of our special Honeycomb sheet design, while also remaining a great sound damping material with excellent structure-born sound damping properties. Add first review. These cores are available in a range of cell sizes and cell wall thickness to provide a wide scope of mechanical and thermal properties that perform in demanding and critical applications. It is manufactured from Meta-Aramid paper and coated with a heat resistant phenolic resin. Available in 4' x 8' sheets and in thicknesses of 1/2", 3/4", and 1". Perhaps the most economical honeycomb core solution is provided by Tricel Honeycomb Corp. It is particularly noted for its corrosion resistance. However, aluminum honeycomb core can’t meet the performance requirements of a high-performance satellite antenna reflecting surface. HONYLITE Polypropylene honeycomb is mainly used as core in composite panels, in energy absorption and filtration media. Because of the high strength, the impact resistance and scratch resistance of the May 14, 2024 · Compared to multi-layer composites, honeycomb sandwich structures filled with soft materials offer desirable mechanical properties. Composite honeycomb material is used as the core of sandwich structure. Honeycomb materials include paper, aluminum, phenolic resin impregnated fiberglass, polypropylene, and aramid fiber phenolic-treated paper. Their advice on how to work on different jobs is always welcome. Experience how CoreLite is driving the future of composite technologies with the finest foam & balsa core materials available. Due to a large number of parameters and their complex interactions affecting the performance of the honeycomb Feb 1, 2022 · The present study addresses design for stiffness aspects of emerging all-composite sandwich structures where the honeycomb core is also made of advanced composite materials. Nor is the refutation of The Case Against Honeycomb Core a denial of the wisdom summarized by a paraphrasing of the Delphic precept, know thy materials. edu. When Thor Heyerdahl built his raft Kon Tiki to sail across the Pacific Ocean in 1947, the wood he used was balsa. ¬ High quality composite core material made from end grain balsa. 7 lb, 3/16 cell, 5052 Alloy, . ). The physical characteristics differ to a large extent with the particular material and density. SAN (styrene acrylonitrile) – example: Gurit Corecell. Thickness: ± 0. Ideal for projects where you don’t have an exposed outside edge/corner or reinforcing another flat surface. This forms a plate-like assembly. Because of this excellent Jun 8, 2010 · The fiberglass honeycomb panel is a typical sandwich structure, the upper and lower skins are reinforced sheets mixed with glass fiber and resin, and the core material is honeycomb-shaped plastic (usually polypropylene material). First, glue lines are printed on flat Mar 1, 2005 · The analyses of the honeycomb structure and components include: (1) constituent materials and ply properties, (2) face laminates and core wall engineering properties, (3) equivalent core material Sep 12, 2022 · Polypropylene (PP) honeycomb cores are a strong but flexible lightweight material that provides optimal mechanical performance in composite sandwich structures. . Honeycomb being a cellular solid is a well-known core used to build a sandwich structure while making structural composites. S. Dec 15, 2009 · A claim that the performance of composite honeycomb sandwich structure is not grossly susceptible to moisture ingression is not the same as a denial of past problems. 250” 00-113M042-1 Sep 1, 2021 · According to practical condition, composite materials, such as phenolic resin impregnated aramid paper, glass fiber reinforced polymer and carbon fiber reinforced polymer, are commonly used as raw materials to design lightweight honeycomb core [14], [15], [16]. Composite materials are used for 90-95% of its structure [163], a large proportion being in Nomex honeycomb core with carbon skins. As shown in Fig. DESCRIPTION: KERR PANEL’S COMMERCIAL-GRADE AND AEROSPACE-GRADE ALUMINUM HONEYCOMB PANELS ARE A LIGHTWEIGHT CORE MATERIAL THAT PROVIDES INCREDIBLE STRENGTH AND RESISTANCE TO CORROSION. Nomex Aramid Honeycomb. , Experts in Manufacturing and Exporting PP Honeycomb Core/ FRP Honeycomb Panel/ Anti Skid Floor Panel, CKD Truck Body and 388 more Products. 500" is a non-metallic nomex honeycomb that is typically used as core material in sandwich composite constructions. A sandwich panel is a composite panel that uses stiff and strong skins (face sheets) bonded to a lightweight core. Aug 1, 2020 · The most innovative composite structure is certainly that of the Tiger combat helicopter (first flight, April 27th, 1991). (Gurnee, Ill. The reason is that the filler in the composite honeycomb sandwich plate is placed in the honeycomb core, which leads to the generation of additional interaction forces between the filler and the honeycomb. composite structure provides great versatility as a wide range of core and facing material combinations can be selected. Other block sizes are available on request. Ultracor products and processes allow engineers to design specific attributes into the honeycomb from the finite element perspective. Aluminum and Nomex® honeycomb core are available in addition to Flex-Core® honeycomb. Structural Core Materials. Honeycomb Core: A variety of honeycomb cores are available per design requirements. Check our inventory of boat fiberglass materials, foam core material, vacuum bagging material, polyester coremat, boat composite sheets, vacuum drainage felt, and more. Safety Sheets BMS 4-4 TY4-15 CL4 GR1-. 08mm. , U. HexWeb® HFT® is a fiberglass ± 45 degree Fibertruss® bias weave reinforced/phenolic honeycomb. Made of polypropylene with an 8 mm mesh, these cellular structures form the core of your panels. ,Ltd: As one of the leading honeycomb panel, sandwich panel, honeycomb core, fiberglass panel and thermoplastic panel manufacturers and suppliers in China, we warmly welcome you to buy customized composite materials at competitive price from our factory. Depending on cell size, up to 18000mm can be achieved in the W direction. ¬ Natural, sustainable and responsibly sourced. The product is produced with composite honeycomb sandwich structure, prefabricated fiberglass panel, high-strength glass fiber cloth and honeycomb core material by hot pressing molding compound. or ly dz zx sy ct tl lk et wu